A Buddhist Goddess: Prajna ("Wisdom")

Dhr. Seven, Amber Dorrian, CC Liu, Wisdom Quarterly; Sabrina, GoddessaDay.com

Prajna Paramita, the feminine embodiment of the Dharma, the Perfection of Wisdom (a gift to Ayya Anandabodhi's Hermitage/AwakeningTruth.org)

  

There is a "Buddhist Goddess," a Sophia of the East, the embodiment and personification of perfect wisdom: Prajna-Paramita.

There are ten "perfections" (paramis or paramitas) a bodhisattva (being-striving-for-enlightenment) cultivates if s/he wishes to forgo a disciple's enlightenment for the supreme enlightenment of a non-teaching (pacceka) buddha or enlightenment with the ability to effectively teach and establish the true wheel of the Dharma to a world that has lost its way, a samma-sam-buddha.

The culmination of transcendental knowledge -- liberating insight that has transcended ego, suffering, and flux -- Prajna Paramita is the feminine “Perfection of Wisdom,” who gives birth to all buddhas. Interestingly, the Goddess of Compassion, Kwan Yin, is much more famous. But both are essential elements of a supremely enlightened teacher's attainment.

Her face is serene, having attained the freedom of enlightenment. Like Kwan Yin, she is sometimes depicted as having the many arms of a Hindu goddess (devi), which is likely the largest influence on the rise of "goddesses" as prominent subjects of reverence. For the Vedas and later Hinduism promote mono- and polytheism as ways of talking about ineffable subjects directly. There is just one GOD, Brahman, which finds expression in many gods and goddesses. And so the root of all buddhas, in this way of thinking, is no ordinary deva but a superlative one: impersonal wisdom.
 
The strange back story of the tantric Taras suggests that "goddess" is more honorific -- a divine-human hybrid suitable for ruling -- than specific to any distinction in knowledge-and-vision worthy of the Noble Ones.

These goddess-figures are usually shown holding symbols illustrating their role. Prajna Paramita is a teacher, so she is often depicted holding meditation beads (emblematic of the eternal cycles of time), a rope or Magic Lasso (like Wonder Woman's, to retrieve those who have strayed from the Path), fruit (for prosperity or path-and-fruition), a lotus (purity), a vase (abundance) and, most importantly, a book (knowledge or wisdom). 

 

Uppalavanna (frank.itlab.us)

Free hands are held in a hand-yoga gesture (mudra) signifying "teaching."

The Perfection of Wisdom sutras (prajnaparamita) are a collection of sacred texts that declare the path to liberating-insight or transcendent-wisdom (bodhi, vipassana, nyana/ñana). In the Heart Sutra, the possessor of such wisdom is Avalokiteshvara, "the one looks down upon [and hears the cries of] the world." He is taken to be or later become merciful Kwan Yin (Earth Goddess, Mother Mary, a new Saraswati or Lakshmi), but the wisdom itself is Prajna.

What came first, the sacred texts or the goddess embodying them?

Khema, foremost in wisdom (iwilliam/flickr)

Sadly, for all this talk of Prajna Paramita and Avalokita (Kwan Yin), we are deprived of knowledge of the Buddha's real-life "wisdom goddesses," as embodied in his rarely discussed chief female disciples -- KHEMA and UPPALAVANNA. And little is said about the Buddha's two mothers, Maha Pajapati (Prajābatī, who became the first Buddhist nun in history) and Maha Maya Devi.

Why are they rarely discussed? Likely due to sexism and neglect, the ancient Nun's Order (Bhikkhuni Sangha) the Buddha began as an essential element of his mission became defunct. And with that loss so went knowledge of discourses delivered to nuns -- one never reads, "O, bhikkhunis!" as the opening of any sutra when it is certain the Buddha started many discourses this way -- and delivered by these two nuns, who were as important as the wonderful chief male disciples, Sariputra and Maha Moggallana, we read about all the time.

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That is what we have all been taught as the history (his story) of the Sangha. But what did the Buddha have to say about it? In the "Great Final-Nirvana Sutra" (DN 16), Mara Namuci quotes the Buddha to the Buddha, who agrees:

 

"For the Blessed One, O venerable sir, spoke these words to me: 'I shall not come to my final passing away, Namuci, until my bhikkhus and bhikkhunis (monks and nuns or male and female ascetics), as well aslaymen and laywomen, have come to be true disciples -- wise, well disciplined, apt and learned, preservers of the Dharma, living according to the Dharma, abiding by the appropriate conduct, and having learned the Master's word, are able to expound it, preach it, proclaim it, establish it, reveal it, explain it in detail, and make it clear; until, when adverse opinions arise, they shall be able to refute them thoroughly and well, and to preach this convincing and liberating Dharma'" (Verse 7).

• ñána: "knowledge, comprehension, intelligence, insight," a synonym for paññá (Sanskrit, prajna); see also vipassaná.
• ñána-dassana-visuddhi: "purification of knowledge and vision" [knowing and seeing], the last of the seven purifications and a name for path-knowledge (magga-ñána), i.e., the penetrating realization of the path of Stream-winning, Once-returning, Non-returning, or Arhatship [full enlightenment]. The Path of Purification (XXII) furnishes a detailed explanation of it; (see visuddhi, VII).

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The heart-shaped leaves of wisdom

Kalyani and Dhr. Seven, Wisdom Quarterly

(Gabrielgs/flickr.com)

The wisdom tree in Buddhism is the Bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa), a kind of fig tree with broad heart-shaped leaves.

Each Buddha in past aeons -- as recounted by the historical Buddha Gautama -- had a kind of tree under which enlightenment was gained. The Sage of Shakya Clan (Shakyamuni) selected the pipal tree to sit under in his final struggle with obstacles, personified as Mara.

In the herbalists' Doctrine of Signatures, a now defunct way of understanding the plant world, foods reveal themselves by similarity to human organs. Carrots look like an eye when sliced, tomatoes red and four-chambered are good for the heart, figs dangling and full of seeds are good for men's health, pomegranates for women's health, and so on.

(Emily Hoang/EHoang/flickriver.com)

 
What was the Bodhi (enlightenment) tree saying by way of signature? The leaves dangled soft and forgiving in front of Siddhartha who sat rigid and determined under the tree. Then he softened. He did an about face and chose the path of serene-absorption (jhana, samma samadhi), the path of bliss.

He had been afraid of pleasure but then reasoned, What is wrong with joy (piti) dissociated from sensual indulgence; why fear such happiness? In this way he entered "absorption," just as he had spontaneously done as a 7-year-old child. He intuitively sensed that this was the way to enlightenment.

He emerged and set up the four "foundations" of mindfulness: body, feelings, consciousness [which emanates from the actual heart area], and phenomena. The various meditative absorptions had purified his heart/mind, intensifying his ability to penetrate to the truth. He followed the links of Dependent Origination pursuing a question that had motivated him for seven years:

"What is the cause of suffering?" He directly saw that whatever was arose dependent on supporting conditions. Following each link back he arrived at ignorance in past lives. He remembered those uncountable existences. he gained supernormal powers. He glimpsed nirvana.

With this insight he experienced a "change of lineage." He went from ordinary human being -- virtuous but flawed, corrupted by greed, hatred/fear, and delusion. He stepped out of the dream (maya, illusion) into the "awakened" state (bodhi). He took the stages of insight to the very end of all suffering.

The way is in the heart; look for it there (zazzle.com)

He became a samma sam buddha, a fully-enlightened teacher able to formulate and teach the path to humans and devas. How? His wisdom did not neglect the heart, compassion for others, loving-kindness, empathy, unbiased-equanimity. The marriage of wisdom and compassion is the path to awakening.

And what is the most famous Buddhist mantra and sutra? The epitome of the Heart Sutra, which is actually called the Heart of Wisdom Sutra (Prajna Paramita).  The Heart of Buddhist Meditation should have been a clue that Theravada feels the same as Mahayana in this regard. Wisdom and compassion are equally important.

The mantra epitomizing the 10,000 lines of the Heart of Wisdom Sutra runs: "Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone altogether beyond, oh what an awakening, it is sealed!" 

Gate, gate, paragate, parasamgate, bodhi, swaha!

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