Final Days of the Buddha (sutra)

Wisdom Quarterly, Great Final Nirvana Discourse (Parinibbana Sutta, DN 16), based on Sister Vajira/Francis Story translation, "Last Days of the Buddha," Part II: Journey to Vesali

(MaretH/flickr.com)

  
The Four Noble Truths
1. Now the Buddha spoke saying: "Come, Ananda, let us go to Kotigama."
 
"So be it, venerable sir." Then the Blessed One took up residence at Kotigama together with a large community of ascetics.
 

(Glowing Star/flickr.com)

2. There the Blessed One addressed them, saying: "It is through not realizing, not penetrating the Four Noble Truths that this long course of birth and death has been passed through and undergone by me as well as by you.
 
"What are the four? They are the noble truth of anguish; the noble truth of the origin of anguish; the noble truth of the cessation of anguish; and the noble truth of the way to the cessation of anguish.

"But now that these have been realized and penetrated, craving for rebirth is cut off, destroyed is that which leads to becoming, and there is no re-arising."
 
3. Thus did the Blessed One say, and further the Happy One, the Venerable One said:
 

"Through not seeing the Four Noble Truths,

Long was the weary path from birth to birth.

When these are known, removed is rebirth's cause,

The root of sorrow plucked; then ends rebirth....

 

Stages of Enlightenment

Golden Buddha (freestyle-thailand.com)

6. Ven. Ananda approached the Blessed One (Bhagavan), greeted him, sat respectfully to one side, and said: "Venerable sir, here in [the city of] Nadika there have passed away the monk Salha and the nun Nanda.

 

Likewise there have passed away the layman Sudatta and the laywoman Sujata; likewise the layman Kakudha, Kalinga, Nikata, Katissabha, Tuttha, Santuttha, Bhadda, and Subhadda. What is their destiny, venerable sir? What is their future state?"

 

7. "The monk Salha, Ananda, through the destruction of the taints in this very lifetime has attained to the taint-free deliverance of mind/heart and deliverance through wisdom, having directly known and realized it by himself [Note 17].

 

"The nun Nanda, Ananda, through the destruction of the five lower fetters (that bind beings to the world of the senses), has arisen spontaneously (among the Pure Abode devas) and will come to final cessation in that very place, not liable to return from that world.

 

"The layman Sudatta, Ananda, through the destruction of the three fetters (self-belief, doubt, and clinging to the belief that rules and rituals can result in enlightenment), and the lessening of lust, hatred, and delusion, has become a once-returner and is bound to make an end of suffering after having returned but once more to this world.

 

"The laywoman Sujata, Ananda, through the destruction of the three fetters has become a stream-enterer, and is safe from falling into the states of misery, assured, and bound for enlightenment.

 

"The layman Kakudha, Ananda, through the destruction of the five lower fetters (that bind beings to the Sense Sphere), has arisen spontaneously (among the Pure Abode devas), and will come to final cessation in that very place, not liable to return from that world.

 

"So it is with Kalinga, Nikata, Katissabha, Tuttha, Santuttha, Bhadda, and Subhadda, and with more than 50 laymen in Nadika. More than 90 laymen who have passed away in Nadika, Ananda, through the destruction of the three fetters, and the lessening of lust, hatred, and delusion, have become once-returners and are bound to make an end of suffering after having returned but once more to this world.

 

"More than 500 [an idiom that means "a large number" of] laymen who have passed away in Nadika, Ananda, through the complete destruction of the three fetters have become stream-enterers and are safe from falling into the states of misery, assured, and bound for enlightenment.

 

The Mirror of the Dharma

8. "Truly, Ananda, it is nothing strange that human beings should die. 

"But if each time it happens you should come to the Tathagata [a self-referential term for the Buddha] and ask about them in this manner, indeed it would be troublesome to him. 

"Therefore, Ananda, I will give you the teaching called the Mirror of the Dharma, possessing which the noble disciple [one who has attained at least the first stage of enlightenment], should it be desired, can declare of oneself: 'There is no more rebirth for me in hell, nor as an animal or ghost, nor in any realm of woe [beneath the human world]. A stream-enterer am I, safe from falling into the states of misery, assured am I and bound for enlightenment.'"

 

9. "And what, Ananda, is that teaching called the Mirror of Dharma, possessing which the noble disciple may thus declare?

 

Mara comes as a gentleman.

"In this case, Ananda, the noble disciple possesses unwavering confidence in the Buddha as follows: 'The Blessed One is an arhat, the Fully Enlightened One, supreme in knowledge and conduct, the Happy One, the Knower of the World, the foremost trainer of beings, the teacher of devas and humans, the Enlightened One, the Blessed One.'

 

"The noble disciple possesses unwavering confidence in the Dharma as follows: 'Well expounded by the Blessed One is the Dharma, evident, timeless [18], inviting investigation, leading to liberation, to be comprehended by the wise, each for oneself.'

Mara's Craving, Lust, and Aversion lure Siddhartha (omegafoundation.siriuscomputing.net)

 

"The noble disciple possesses unwavering confidence in the Blessed One's Order of Disciples as follows: 'Well faring is the Blessed One's Order of Disciples, harmoniously, wisely, and heedfully, that is to say, the four pairs, the eight classes of persons. The Blessed One's Order of Disciples is worthy of honor, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of veneration -- the supreme field of merit [beneficial, exponentially profitable karma] in the world.'

 

"And the noble disciple possesses virtues that are dear to the Noble Ones, complete and perfect, spotless and pure, which are liberating, praised by the wise, uninfluenced (by worldly concerns), and favorable to composure/concentration of mind.

 

10. "This, Ananda, is the teaching called the Mirror of the Dharma, whereby the noble disciple may know: 'There is no more rebirth for me in hell realms, nor as an animal or ghost, nor in any realm of woe (apaya). A stream-enterer am I, safe from falling into the states of misery, assured am I and bound for enlightenment.'"
  

Mara under the Bodhi tree (sarvajan.ambedkar.org)

11. In Nadika, in the Brick House [Monastery], the Blessed One often gave counsel to the ascetics thus: "Such and such is virtue; such and such is concentration; and such and such is wisdom. Great becomes the fruit, great is the gain of concentration when it is fully developed by virtuous conduct; great becomes the fruit, great is the gain of wisdom when it is fully developed by concentration; utterly freed from the taints of lust, [again-] becoming, and ignorance is the mind/heart that is fully developed in wisdom."
  

12. When the Blessed One had stayed in Nadika as long as he wished, he spoke to the Ven. Ananda, saying: "Come, Ananda, let us go to [the city of] Vesali."
 

"So be it, O venerable sir." And the Blessed One took up his abode in Vesali together with a large community of ascetics, and stayed in Ambapali's grove. ...
 
Mara's Appeal

Mara Devaputra (fabulousmasterpieces.co.uk)

7. And when Ven. Ananda had gone away, Mara Namuci approached the Blessed One. And standing to one side he spoke to the Buddha, saying: "Now, O venerable one, let the Blessed One come to his final passing away; let the Happy One utterly pass away! The time has come for the final nirvana of the Venerable One.
 

"For the Blessed One, O venerable sir, once spoke these words to me: 'I shall not come to my final passing away, Namuci, until my monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen, have come to be true disciples -- wise, well-disciplined, apt and learned, preservers of the Dharma, living according to the Dharma, abiding by the appropriate conduct, and having learned the Buddha's word, are able to expound it, preach it, proclaim it, establish it, reveal it, explain it in detail, and make it clear. And when adverse opinions arise, they shall be able to refute them thoroughly and well, and to preach this convincing and liberating Dharma' [23].

The Buddha reclining into final nirvana, Thailand (perstephone/flickr.com)

 

8. "And now, O venerable sir, monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen, have become the Blessed One's disciples in just this way. So, O venerable sir, let the Blessed One come to his final passing away! The time has come for the final nirvana of the Venerable One.
  

"For the Blessed One, O venerable sir, spoke these words to me: 'I shall not come to my final passing away, Namuci, until this supreme life taught by me has become successful, prosperous, far-renowned, popular, and widespread, until it is well proclaimed among devas and humans.' And this too has come to pass in just this way. So, O venerable sir, let the Blessed One come to his final passing away, let the Happy One utterly pass away! The time has come for the final nirvana of the Venerable One."

9. When this was said, the Blessed One spoke to Mara Namuci saying: "Do not trouble yourself, Namuci. Before long the final nirvana of the Tathagata will come about. Three months hence the Tathagata will utterly pass away." More

• PHOTOS: Amazing Theravada Buddhist Thailand

Read More

Paranormal Investigation: The Afterlife (video)

ParanormalTVchannel; Seven, Wisdom Quarterly

 

A real apparition (answers.com)

For five years a medium group and scientists witnessed more psychokinetic phenomena than any other experiment in the history of paranormal investigations. This included conversations with the dead that were recorded, written messages on sealed film, video footage of spirit faces and spirit forms materializing.

 

There is not only this world but worlds beyond. We have this life and many (more miserable) lives to come. 

  

Samsara's Six Sensual Spheres, Tibetan thangka

Enlightened beings make an end of ALL suffering by making an end of this endless round of rebirth (samsara).
  
How can one make an end of the "endless"? The Buddhist path analyzes what fuels the fire of this impersonal process called samsara ("the continued wandering on from birth to birth and death to death") then removes its principal supports: delusion, craving, aversion, fear. 

  

Besides, it is "endless" only in the sense that in and of itself it would never come to an end. Like a self-renewing hamster wheel, it would cycle on endlessly, hamster after hamster. Saying that it does not end, technically speaking, is wrong. It is constantly ending. It is radically impermanent: What arises almost immediately passes away moment by moment.
  
Each moment of existence breaks down into three blended phases or sub-moments: arising, turning, and passing away. The macro mimics the micro, for as above so below. Not only sub-moments but entire phases of our lives go like this: youth, aging, and decrepitude, birth, maturation, and death.

Many of us exist in realms bound by addiction.

Read More

The Buddha's First Sermon (sutra)

Dhr. Seven, Wisdom Quarterly translation (Dhammachakapavattana Sutra, SN 56.11)

(My-Third-Eye/flickr.com)

PREFACE: Seven weeks after the great enlightenment, the former ascetic Prince Siddhartha, now the fully awakened Buddha, set out to teach his five former companions. He realized that they were still stuck in the futility of struggling by severe asceticism near India' holy city on the Ganges, Varanasi. He had previously practiced with them undertaking the most extreme penances and painful observances. He abandoned this well worn path to "spirituality" when he realized it would never lead to awakening to the Truth and liberation from all suffering. He discovered that cultivating absorptions and insight (jhana and vipassana) through proper concentration and mindfulness (samma samadhi and samma sati). In this sutra the Buddha sets in motion the Wheel of the Truth (the essential limbs, or spokes, of which lead to the hub of nirvana). This is the True Wheel, the path to the liberation he had experienced seven weeks earlier.

 

The Buddha addresses the Group of Five

SARNATH, India - Thus have I heard. At one time the Buddha was in Varanasi at the Resort of Seers (Isipatana) in the Deer Park. There he addressed the group of five ascetics.

  

"Recluses, these two extremes should be abandoned by anyone who has gone forth from household life. What two?

   

"There is devotion to indulgence, coarse pleasures associated with sensual desire, which is inferior, base, vulgar, ignoble, and leads to disappointment on the one hand, and on the other hand there is devotion to asceticism, which is just the same.

  

"The middle way discovered by [me] avoids both extremes. This path leads to vision, knowledge, peace, direct experience, discovery, to nirvana (final liberation). What middle way? 

  

"It is this ennobling Eightfold Path, namely:

1. right view
2. right intention
3. right speech
4. right action
5. right livelihood
6. right effort
7. right mindfulness
8. right concentration.

The Four Noble Truths

I. "Disappointment as an Ennobling Truth is this: Birth is disappointing as are aging, sickness, death, association with the unpleasant, dissociation from the pleasant, not getting what one wants is disappointing -- in brief, the Five Aggregates of Clinging are disappointing.

II. "The origin of disappointment as an Ennobling Truth is this: Craving produces renewal of being [rebirth] accompanied by enjoyment and lust and delighting in this and that. What craving? Craving for sensual desires, craving for [eternal] existence, and craving for nonexistence.

  

III. "Cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth is this: It is remainderless fading and ceasing, letting go, relinquishing, rejecting and abandoning of such craving.

   

IV. "The path leading to the cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth is this: It is this ennobling Eightfold Path...

  

"'Disappointment as an ennobling truth is this.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing (knowledge and vision of the Dharma), understanding, discovery, the light that arose in regard to things never heard by me before. 'Disappointment as an ennobling truth can be diagnosed.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing, understanding, discovery, the light that arose in regard to things never heard by me before. 'Disappointment as an ennobling truth has been diagnosed.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing, understanding, discovery, the light that arose in regard to things never heard by me before.

  

"'The origin of disappointment as an ennobling truth is this.' Such was the knowing-and seeing... 'This origin of disappointment as an ennobling truth can be abandoned.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing... 'This origin of disappointment as an ennobling truth has been abandoned.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing... in regard to things never heard by me before.

  

"'The cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth is this.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing... 'This cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth can be verified.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing... 'The cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth has been verified.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing... in regard to things never heard by me before.

  

"'The way leading to the cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth is this.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing... 'The way leading to the cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth can be developed.' Such was the knowing-and-seeing... 'The way leading to the cessation of disappointment as an ennobling truth has been developed.' Such was the vision... in regard to things never heard by me before.

  

"As long as my knowing-and-seeing of things just as they are was not purified with regard to these 12 aspects, in three phases for each of these Four Noble Truths, I did not claim in this world with its light beings (devas), its killers (maras), its creatives (brahmas), in this generation with its wandering ascetics (recluses) and Brahmin priests, with its princes and people to have discovered the supreme enlightenment.

  

"But as soon as my knowing-and-seeing of things just as they are was purified with regard to these 12 aspects, in the three phases for each of these Four Noble Truths, then did I claim in this world... to have discovered the supreme enlightenment. Knowledge and vision arose in me: 'My heart's deliverance is assured. This is my last birth. Now there is to be no renewal of being.'"

  

That is what the Blessed One said. The group of five were glad, and they approved of his words.

   

Now during this teaching there arose in the ascetic Kondañña the purified and stainless vision of the Truth: "Whatever is subject to arising is also subject to falling away."

   

Word Spreads Fast

Our 10,000-fold world-system

When the Wheel of Truth had been set rolling by the Buddha, the earthbound devas raised this cry: "At Varanasi, at the Deer Park in the Resort of Seers, the matchless Wheel of Truth has been set rolling by the Blessed One, not to be stopped by any recluse or deity, death-angel or divinity, or anyone in the world!"

  

On hearing the earthbound devas' cry, the devas inhabiting the six celestial paradises in space within the Sensual Sphere took up the cry until it reached beyond Great Brahma's Retinue in the Fine-Material Sphere. So indeed at that hour, at that very moment, the cry soared up to the World of Great Brahma. And this 10,000-fold world-system shook and quaked, and an unbounded radiance surpassing the very nature of the light beings was displayed throughout this entire world-system.

  

Then the Buddha exclaimed: "Kondañña knows! Kondañña knows!" And that is how that venerable one acquired the name Añña-Kondañña -- "Kondañña Who Knows."

• India's return to Riot Politics in Assam
• India resorts to Chinese-style Internet censorship
• Burma gives up China and India's Web censorship

Read More