Scientists find brain's "moral compass"

DailyMail.co.uk (March 30, 2010); Wisdom Quarterly

[MIT] scientists have discovered a real-life "moral compass" in the brain that controls how we judge other people's behavior.

The region, which lies just behind the right ear, becomes more active when we think about other people's misdemeanors or good works.

Morality is a better guide than parents, gods

In an extraordinary experiment, researchers were able to use powerful magnets to disrupt this area of the brain and make people temporarily less moral.

The study highlights how our sense of right and wrong isn't just based on upbringing, religion, or philosophy -- but by the biology of our brains.

Dr. Liane Young, who led the study, said: "You think of morality as being a really high-level behavior. To be able to apply a magnetic field to a specific brain region and change people's moral judgments is really astonishing."

Red does not indicate the compass (mit.edu)

The moral compass lies in a part of the brain called the right temporo-parietal junction. It lies near the surface of the brain, just behind the right ear.

The researchers at MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, used a non-invasive technique called transcranial magnetic stimulation to disrupt the area of the brain.

The technique generates a magnetic field on a small part of the skull which creates weak electric currents in the brain. These currents interfere with nearby brain cells and prevent them from firing normally.

In the first experiment, 12 volunteers were exposed to the magnetic field for 25 minutes before they were given a series of "moral maze" style scenarios.

Religion is a problem: Advice to Kalamas

For each of the 192 scenarios, they were asked to make a judgment about the character's actions on a scale of 1 for "absolutely forbidden" to 7 for "absolutely permissible."

In the second experiment, the magnetic field was applied to their heads at the time they were asked to weigh the behavior of the characters in the scenario.

In both experiments, the magnetic field made the volunteers less moral. More
 
How can anyone tell anyone else what's right or wrong? 
Dhr. Seven, Amber Dorrian, Ashley Wells, Wisdom Quarterly (COMMENTARY) 

Has U.S. lost its moral compass?

Debating "right" and "wrong" is futile. Buddhism speaks not in this simplistic way but rather of skillful (kusala) and unskillful (akusala) behavior: what acts lead to suffering, when they come to fruition, and which do not. We do not make decisions based on rational bases, reasoning, calculating, and arriving at some objective plan. We depend on emotions and our "guts" (the sources of many neurons and most of the body's serotonin). To follow our bliss we first have to be mindful enough to notice it. It is a subtle joy one feels, not a logic one deduces. One never feels happier, more buoyant, more relieved, more effervescent than when entering the early absorptions, meditative jhanas, based on virtue, concentration as the mind/heart begins to cohere, and ease. Piti and sukkha, joy and happiness are the natural result. In daily life, little contentment, bliss, or joy occur spontaneous to flood the body; likewise little moral dread (otappa) occurs when we engage in behaviors (breaking precepts) that are sure to bring unwelcome, unwanted misery.  
 

The Buddha said "come and see" not "believe!"

Killing, stealing, sexual harm, perjury, intoxication occasioning heedlessness cannot lead to happiness but, clearly, someone who steals can enjoy ill-gotten gains. Why? The act (karma) has not matured and borne its result. When it does it will surely be experienced as misery. This is what the Buddha taught and what made him a karmavadin, a teacher of actions with moral consequences. If it were not so, we would not say so. Who wouldn't rather do whatever s/he wanted? Mystics teach what they see as seers (rishis) not what will make them popular and lauded in their day. Truth is true whether anyone sees it or not. Fortunately, all that the Buddha said is personally verifiable in this very life. The Buddha taught the path to that knowledge and vision.  
 

There is no blind faith in Buddhism to act as beacon. Ironically, as Americans, most of us prefer Zen under the mistaken assumption that it's a DIY religion of no religion, a rebel stance, an anachronistic hodgepodge of senseless koans, blunts, and aphorisms no one really understands. In fact, "zen" means jhana, which is almost synonymous with moral blamelessness. Without virtue, the heart/mind remains uneasy, full of misgivings, worried about things done (unskillful karma) and left undone (skillful karma), and unconcentrated. And it is exactly a calm, cool, collected and therefore intensely concentrated (samadhi) mind/heart that leads to zen (meditation), that is Zen, that bears the fruits of the path: virtue --> concentration --> wisdom.

By ourselves is good/evil done

Or left undone.

By ourselves are we

purified or defiled.

   

No one saves us but ourselves;

No one can and no one may.

We ourselves must walk the path;

Buddhas only point the way!   

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"Poson" at Los Angeles Buddhist Vihara

Lanka.com; Wisdom Quarterly; Los Angeles Buddhist Vihara

 

Poson full moon observance day is a festival celebrated on the Buddhist island of Sri Lanka.

It marks the  arrival of Buddhism in the 3rd century BCE. It is therefore of great historical and religious significance to the island's majority Sinhalese Buddhists, if less important to the nation's many Tamil Hindu, Indian and Maldivian Muslims, British and Portuguese Christians, and a tiny marginalized minority of indigenous aborigines, the Veddas.

 

The full moon day of June commemorates the arrival of an enlightened emissary from India, the arhat son of Emperor Asoka. Over 2,000 years ago Arhat Mahinda converted Sri Lanka's King Devanampiyatissa to Buddhism.

The center of celebrations is Mihintale, the ancient monastic complex where the royal missionary monk along with his enlightened sister gave a sermon to the island's ruler. Anuradhapura, the ancient capital, is also a place where large crowds of pilgrims converge. Mass religious observances and illuminated pageants are part of the celebrations.

For the island's Buddhists, this sacred day is second only to Vesak. Long lines of devotees dressed in white climb the many steps to the top of Mihintale stone outcropping -- a kind of Plymouth Rock (Mihinthalaya) -- first to the temple then to the pagodas (dagabas) adorned in the nearby hills. The top of the rock is where Arhat Mahinda delivered his initial discourses.
  

This area is called the cradle of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. With the establishment of a monastic order (Sangha) all the elements of a civilized society began to emerge: the art of writing, art, architecture, canals, reservoirs, song and dance forms, literature, all with royal patronage.

  

[Oh wait, all of these "civilizing" elements were here before. But the Sinhalese trace their dominant culture to the civilizing influence of the Dharma's appearance on the island; they even trace their genes back to northern and northwestern India so as to make them Buddhist-Buddhists and somewhat nationalist in character, which has been quite harmful to the other inhabitants of the island.]

Many religious activities are organized during Poson such as virtue (sila) campaigns, Bodhi tree rituals, dana-salas (freely donated food and refreshments), devotional songs, parades, and lanterns.

  
Many temple fill with Eight Precept devotees and pilgrims from all over the island to mark the event. The devout are clad in pure white -- just as in the Buddha's day -- with no adornments like make up on their way to temple. There they spend the next 24 hours actually practicing the Dharma in quiet contemplation or meditation.

   

Meanwhile, the rest of the village gathers on temple grounds after sunset to participate in less spiritual activities -- like reading sacred books, listening to saffron-clad monastics recite sutras (bhana), relate ancient stories from the Buddha's past lives (jatakas), or chant protections (parittas).

  

During the Poson Festival the selling of alcohol and animal flesh is usually prohibited, and slaughterhouses are closed. Emperor Asoka made such decrees in ancient India (Bharat) as well after becoming a Buddhist. More

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