42. The essence of the teachings of the Buddha are the Four Noble Truths (Ariya Sacca cattari). To understand the Four Noble Truths, to say someone has to understand Buddhism. The Buddha gives limitations on the First Truth, as follows:
So, what is the noble truth of suffering (dukkha Ariya Sacca)? Birth is suffering, age is suffering, sickness is suffering, death is suffering, sadness, sorrow, pain, sorrow, desire and despair are suffering, being separated from a loved one is suffering, together with the unwelcome is penderitaan.1
Seen from the above statement, that the Buddha spoke of two kinds of suffering - physically and spiritually. Physical suffering is the pain caused by disease, accident, old age, weariness, and so forth. Spiritual suffering, including the mental state of pain, fear, boredom, anxiety, sadness, loneliness and all the other negative feelings. Life is the experiences of suffering, in a variety of rates, little or a lot. The Buddha did not deny the existence of happiness and joy, he merely reminds us of the reality that is undeniable, is that suffering is an integral part of life, that suffering is a problem that we all experience, is at the same time we want to avoid.Basically, almost all activities and our daily efforts, without us knowing it, concerned with the attempt to avoid suffering and find happiness. However, despite so much time and mind-power is deployed to find true happiness, satisfaction and peace remain sparse and difficult digapai. The Buddha, like a doctor who is full of love, came to show mankind how to overcome suffering, pain, death and rebirth, and also how to achieve happiness of Nibbana.
43. Most religions based on faith alone, but the teachings of the Buddha, based on solid truth. Truth (Sacca) can be defined as an expression or manifestation, realization, in relation to reality. Most religious teachings to make a statement which he says is true, but because most of the statement could not be proved, then still referred to as a belief, not truth. When someone says: "There are a thousand rupiah in my pocket," and after inspection there were a thousand rupiah in his pocket, then the new person said that the statement was true, and we then maklumi such a thing as truth.
If we are unable to check his pocket, we can only say that those states that have a thousand rupiah and that we believe his statement. The truth, which is proving more valuable than a clear statement, which is to be trusted. Suffering is not a concept, it is a fact. Suffering is something that is not accepted its existence, as mentioned in scripture, but something that we know through our own experience. So it is correct to say that the teachings of the Buddha based on the fact that it can be proved by us all, not a belief accepted on the basis of faith alone.
44. The second noble truth is the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering (dukkha samudaya Ariya Sacca). The Buddha showed us that all the suffering that we experience directly or indirectly caused by the low-desire (tanha) and non-knowledges (avijja) 2 It is easy to understand, how the passions, desires, and the non-knowledges, can lead to spiritual suffering. As a simple example, a strong desire to be rich, because according to him money is everything and will cause it to be happy. Then, because it does not succeed to get rich, he was frustrated and very disappointed. The relationship between the low-desire (wanting money) and non-knowledges (wrong view, that money alone can bring him happiness) on the one hand, and pain (frustration and disappointment) of others. But, the low-desire and non-knowledges can also cause physical pain? We have seen previously (30), that the primary cause of kamma-desire, which in turn then causes the re-birth. Born-again it has a body, and has a body could mean an accident, injured, sick, weak and old and all kinds of physical suffering. Thus, clearly, that the low-desire and non-corporeal knowledges also cause suffering.
45. But, if the desire is one of the causes of suffering, are not we should move heaven and earth do not have anything else for that matter? In order to answer the questions above, it is important to realize that the Buddha taught the difference between the growing desire of non-knowledges and expectations that arise on the basis of understanding. The Buddha often said, that we should always be enthusiastic (adithana), we will always be determined (tibbacchanda), has always had a strong desire to attain Nibbana (chandajato anakkate) 3. The desire to be good parents, a desire to be loyal friends, a desire to be citizens of countries that are responsible for understanding based on the desire, so will produce good, instead of suffering. Implement the road or have a desire to achieve Nibbana is based on a desire for understanding, so that will produce good, instead of suffering. When the will, desire and ambition is based on understanding, and when all is created in the form of daily behavior, and when everything is geared towards the noble goal, it just sort of desire that are recommended.
46. Truth is the third-Noble Truth of Extinction of Suffering (dukkha Nirodha Ariya Sacca). In truth, the Buddha clearly and firmly taught us, that we can be free from suffering and achieve freedom and happiness of Nibbana. The term Nibbana literally means 'out', and refers to fighting the fire of greed, hatred and the dark-mind. The Buddha, also use other expressions unyuk describe it - perpetuating (Amata), favor the Peace (khema), Peace (Santa), Protection (tana), Highest Happiness (paramam sukham), low desire Destruction (tanhakkhaya) Eternity (dhura). What is Nibbana? There is an opinion which considers that Nibbana is identical to the destruction of private (UK: Annihilation). The Buddha insists that this view is wrong.
When one has inner release, even the gods can not trace it, even though they think: "This is the awareness of Tathagata." Why?Because Buddha did not terjejaki. Although I said this, some ascetics and Brahmins, one interpretation, contrary to the statement, they said: "Sage is looking nihilis Gotama, as she teaches the cutting, destruction, loss of existence as a whole," but I did not say so. From the beginning until now, I only teach about the suffering and the cessation Penderitaan.4
There are Buddhist groups, which states that Nibbana is the destruction of themselves, but they also denied that the Buddha taught "self-destruction." They tried to explain this contradiction by saying: "Self-Destruction is only possible, if there is personal will be destroyed. But in truth there is no end to the "Personal". So how can Nibbana is the "Self-Destruction", when no individual will be destroyed? "Behind the words on the game, they also keep saying Nibbana is a vacancy, where the individual is no longer in any form.Many of the Buddha for the chance to declare that they are achieving Nibbana has lost its existence, but he never said so.Once upon a time, Upasiva asked the Buddha:
Those who have gone (to Nibbana),
Are they destroyed their existence,
Or they remain forever timeless?
Tell me, Oh, Wise Guru
You're the reason sejelasnya know.
Then, the Buddha said:
Could not they have considered going.
That the person may be regarded as
No more.
When all the phenomena has not,
All the way to describe it is tiada.5
Once upon a time, a traveler named Vacchagota asked the Buddha, the existence of those who have attained Nibbana, they arise (in other words, permanent existence) or did not arise (in other words, lose their existence). The Buddha refused to answer, and explained to us that he refused, because Nibbana is a state that can not be described in words.
"But the wise Gotama, where the incidence of students who had liberated his inner that?"
"The term 'Arise' not applicable"
"If so, why do not say 'There has not arisen'"
"There has not arisen" does not apply.
"If so, what are they 'arise, and also does not arise'?"
"'Arise and also does not arise' is not applicable."
"If so they 'do not arise and does not does not arise'?"
"'There has not arisen and do not arise', also does not apply."
"Therefore, I lose track, in this case, good Gotama, I am confused, and satisfaction that I found in our previous discussion, now has no more ...."
"Consciousness is free from disclosure Tathagata-disclosure: he was inside, not measurable, it is not known as the ocean. 'Arise' does not apply, 'no-arising' does not apply, 'Arise, and also does not arise' is not applicable, 'do not arise and does not does not arise' is not applicable. "6
The meaning of the Buddha, that a person who has attained Nibbana existence no longer exists, is that all of the features associated with the existence - birth, death, flesh, moving in time and space, and unfeeling as a private self - no longer can be usedto describe the state of Nibbana. The meaning of the Buddha, that a person who has attained Nibbana existence is not destroyed, is exactly like that. Dimensions Nibbana can not be accurately reflected in the language of the world, nor the presence of Nibbana can not be imagined by the worldly mind.
47. Although difficult to be described, but the Buddha gave us an overview of the presence of Nibbana. By describing the inner man, the Buddha said:
Batin is pure white, but he ternodai the defilements that previously did not exist. The public does not perceive, and therefore they did not keep his inner. Batin is pure white, and can be purified from the defilements which previously did not exist. The general student understand it, so they keep the inner mereka.7
In other words, mind is good at first (pabhassaram citam desire), then spotted the real defilement is something foreign to the mind.When the defilements are cleaned, then clean the inner back. The Buddha said:
Where land, water, fire and air does not stand? Where are the long and short, big and small, pure and not pure, the name and appearance, finally destroyed? The answer is: It is an awareness of the Great - is not checked, is not binding, and light. There was no place for land, water, fire and air based. There are long and short, big and small, noble and not noble, ultimately destroyed the name and likeness. When consciousness has been destroyed, then so is everything itu.8
Nibbana is the "nature" in which the physical presence and all-pairs opposite - long and short, small and great, pure and not pure - no more and no heart checked again (anidassanam), uncommitted (anatam) and luminous (sabbato pabham) .Characterized as a state-permanent (nibbanapadam accutam) of purity (suddhi), freedom (vimitti) and happiness-highest (nibbanam paramam sukham).
48. The Buddha also said that Nibbana is achieved in two levels or ways. First, those who reach Nibbana, the mind is already free, but because his body is still there, so he is still the object of physical suffering. It is called Nibbana with the rest of the base (saupadisesa Nibbana). Then, after their death, also released from the mental and physical suffering of a perfect reach Nibbana. This is called Nibbana without residual base (anupadisesa Nibbana), or often referred as the perfect Nibbana (parinibbana).
49. Although we can only fully understand the state of Nibbana after our own experience, but we still can know the existence of such circumstances. First, we can infer its existence. If there are dimensions along with birth, death, dirty thoughts, and events, we can conclude that there is no such dimension. Ancient Buddhist manuscripts mention:
Where there is heat,
Sure there is no air.
Similarly,
Where there are three fire
Sure there are no Nibbana.
Where there is evil,
Sure there are no good.
Similarly,
Where there is birth,
State of "non-born", thus, also ada.9
Second, we can be aware of the situation as Nibbana, because the Buddha attain, and he explicitly describes his existence. He said:
There is a not-Terlahirkan Yang, Tak-There, Not-Made, Non-Affiliated. If there is not-Terlahirkan, Tak-There, Not-Made, Non-Affiliated, then there would be no way to be free from Born, Happened, Made and Affiliated. But because of the not-Terlahirkan, Tak-There, Not-Made, Non-Affiliated, there's no way to escape from the born, There, and Tergabung.10 Made
Once again he asserts his presence, as follows:
There is a situation where there is no land, water, fire and air, where there was no scope of space-limited Tak, Tak-limited consciousness, nothingness, as well as scope of non-consciousness is not even no-consciousness, not on earth, the earth side or both, there is no sun, no moon, where no one came to be born, no one is going to death, no period, no one fell off and they come out. It is not glued, nor moved, her frustrations on. This is actually the end penderitaan.11
50. Can a person achieve happiness and freedom of Nibbana?When you can, what each person will ultimately achieve? The answer to the first thing that is clear, namely that each person can achieve Nibbana, and even the Buddha always encourages each person to make his goal Nibbana as well as for the strongest efforts to achieve it. Senator the woman who has reached Nibbana, heard loud and clear, in answering this question.
Abadi situation was much the reach,
And even this can still be achieved when,
For anyone who run their own,
But not for not trying sekuatnya.12
What each person to reach Nibbana or not? The answer of this question can not be predicted, because every person has an interest and desire respectively. The Buddha taught the Dhamma, and with all sorts of ways, organizing people to do it, but of course depends on the implementer of that person alone.
"Good Gotama, having taught and directed by Thee, that all students will reach thy noble ideals, or some will not succeed?"
"Most will achieve and some do not."
"What reason, Good Gotama? What causes it? "
"I would ask you, Brahmin, if consented to them. How is your mind?Do you know the way to Rajagaha? "
"Yes, Good Gotama, I know."
"Well, suppose one comes to you, and said that he wanted to Rajagaha and ask him. So, you say: 'Where does this road to Rajagaha; walked directly up to a village, walk further until you reach the market, and if you continue, you will arrive at the farm-garden Rajagaha beautiful, beautiful forests, beautiful fields and pools are beautiful. However, although it has been shown and instructed ye the way it is, but people had to take another road leading to the West. And, therefore he did not get to Rajagaha.Then, assuming a more comes to you, and he also wants to Rajagaha, and because he followed petunjukmu, then he finally arrived safely. So because there Rajagaha, because there is a way to get there, and you also have a guide, why is not the first person to while the other one to the Rajagaha? "" Good Gotama, what should I do in this case ? I have no more than an indicator of the way. "" Similarly, a Brahmin, is Nibbana, there is a path leading to Nibbana, and have I as an indicator of roads leading to Nibbana. But only some students are taught and instructed by me to achieve Nibbana, others do not. What can I do in this case? The Tathagata is the indicator Jalan.13
But one thing is for sure - anyone who reaches Nibbana is the result of carrying out the teachings of the Buddha.
"If, with the full understanding that good Gotama taught the Dhamma in his students for the purification of living things, to overcome the anguish and despair keputus-, to end the sadness and depression, to reach its procedures, to achieve Nibbana, then the whole world will achieve, or seperduanya, or third? "
Up there, the Buddha was silent. Then Ananda thought: "This man should not to think that the Buddha was not able to answer this important question." Thus, Ananda, said: "I will give a parable." Imagine a city surrounded by walls with a strong basic foundation, battlement and an opening only one gate, guarded gate, only those known to be allowed through, and passing strangers is not permissible. Then, when a guard around the walls, he found no one who can pass though the eye of a cat. Thus he knows that all creatures, big and small, just to get into town or out of town to pass the gate. Similar to your question, it is not necessary for the Buddha. He spoke what was that "Anyone who has been released, is being released or will be free from this world, he would be freed by releasing the fifth resistance, release-mental error that undermine the policy, he would be free to develop spiritually in a four-way policy awareness, and to develop the seven elements of enlightenment. "14
After the Buddha reached Nibbana, he "invited" all human beings to follow the road for mankind can enjoy peace, happiness and freedom. "Request" He is still valid today.
The doors to the Eternal's been open,
Let those who can hear, trying to keyakinan.15
51. Truth is the fourth road leading to the end of suffering (dukkha Nirodha gamini patipada), and the road is his Eightfold Way (Ariya Magga Atthangika). Called 'Noble' because if implemented, would lead one to a noble life, called 'Eightfold', because it consists of eight elements, and is called the 'Road', because like the road in general, will lead a person from one place to another , in this case from Samsara to Nibbana. From the Four Noble Truths: the truth of the first three are how the views of the Buddha of this world - Theory; and the fourth Truth is what the Buddha encouraged us to handle - implementation.
52. The Four Noble Truths have special features. The first is a complete system from a spiritual exercise, which includes everything needed for an ethical life, the meaning is clear and performers Nibbana. Because Nibbana is the goal of life, then all aspects of life calculated to the effort, and that is reflected in the Eightfold Way. It is generally true at present, that a religion but also to receive occasional follow the teachings of other religions. Some liberal Christians, for example, this time after seeing the values of meditation, have also been practicing meditation. However, because the Eightfold Way was completed, Buddhism does not need to borrow anything from any other belief. Second, the Eightfold Way was the only one that led to the freedom of religious practice Nibbana. The Buddha said:
Of all the roads, the best Eightfold
Of all the truth, the best four
Of all conditions, free from the wrath of the best
Of all people, are aware of the best
This is the only road;
Nobody else can make a pure and sober.
Street Live, the
And you will overcome the Mara.
Live This Way,
And you will end the suffering.
I memaklumatkan this road,
I found the sendiri.16
Most religions are not complete, because only lead to rebirth in the heaven-world of the Gods, which although better than other natural-natural, but still not as good compared to the highest happiness - Nibbana.
The third feature of the Eightfold Way is the road that happens forever. For thousands of years it may be a closed road by ignorance or superstition, but because it happened forever, then certainly there will be someone who found it again, changing the view therefore, and teach it again for the good of mankind.Similarly, centuries earlier, the road has never been found but then forgotten, then found again, and taught by the Buddha Gotama.That is, as the Buddha said "the old road is still valid and will continue so."
Similarly, supposing that there is a wandering in the forest, and found an old road, the road-the old trail, passed by the people in previous periods, which if followed directly, will get to an ancient city, an ancient general who occupied the castle by the past, by gardens and forest-forest, with water reservoir and the walls of a very beautiful place. Then, if the traveler submitted its findings to the king or the minister, saying: "You know, I've found an ancient city. Pugarlah place. "Then, if the ancient city was restored, a bright, developed, occupied, occupied by a house-house, and grew and expanded. Similarly, I have seen the old road, the road has crossed the Enlightened Buddha in previous times. And the road is it? That element Delapan.17 Road
53. The Buddha is sometimes called Eightfold Way by a different name, to indicate that the street is not only to be implemented to achieve the freedom of Nibbana, but the spirit of menjiwainya also be carried out. He called it "Middle Way" (Majjhima-patipada) between the extreme path. He detailed call "self-gratification" as an extreme one, and "self-destruction" as the other extreme, and suggests that they are following the road, they should avoid all extremes. Ke-ekstriman is a behavior that characterized the belief that only one of the most correct way, with no tolerance at other options and not flexible. Ke-ekstriman likely to cause an aggressive and blinding themselves to another way of doing things, and this is causing dangerous. A Buddhist should implement the Road with moderate (mattaññuta), flexible (mudu) and diserta willingness to consider other viewpoints. In every aspect of life and its implementation, a Buddhist should be one that takes a happy middle ground.
54. Road Eightfold traditionally divided into three parts: moral / welfare (please), centered-mind (samadhi) and wisdom (Panna).True conversation, Action and Livelihood True True classified in Group Moral;-power efforts True, True Awareness and Concentration / centered Thoughts True classified in Group-centered mind, and the True Meaning of True Mind classified in Group Policy. However, to emphasize some important aspects that are sometimes ignored, so in this discussion, we will classify 'Road' by other means. True Meaning of Intellectual classified as Training / Mental-Budi (Intellectual Training) True Mind, True Discussion, Action and Livelihood True True grouped in Training-Ethics (Ethical Training) Resources-effort and True, True and consciousness-centered-True Mind grouped in Psychiatric Training (Psychological Training). With the implementation of intellectual exercise, meant that we should first understand clearly the concept and reality of the Four Noble Truths, and then gradually move it happen by developing other measures of the road. With ethics training, we determine what is good, then do it, either on us personally as well as in our actions in society. With Exercise-Mental, spiritual meaning is consciously change from the mundane to the spiritual nature is pure. By implementing measures in the lives of eight striped Road, then became a Buddhist, and to appreciate the truth in mind, that will naturally arise when doing so, someone will be able to achieve enlightenment.
Traveler Nandiya asked the Buddha: "The what, when developed and implemented that will lead to Nibbana, the target is Nibbana, the Nibbana dotted-top?"
"Nandiya, there are eight thing, which if developed and implemented, leads to Nibbana, the target is Nibbana, the Nibbana dotted-peak."
"What is it Eight?"
"True Meaning, True Mind, True Discussion, Action True, True Livelihood, Resource-order True, True and centered awareness True-mind." 18
NOBLE STREET EIGHT stripe
Mental Training-sole / Intellectual True Meaning
True Thoughts (Samma ditthi)
(Samma sankappa)
Ethics Training / True Moral Conversation
True Action
True Livelihood (Samma Vaca)
(Samma kammanta)
(Samma ajiva)
Training Psychiatric / psychological power True-effort
True Consciousness
True-Centric thought (Samma Vayama)
(Samma sati)
(Samma samadhi)
So, what is the noble truth of suffering (dukkha Ariya Sacca)? Birth is suffering, age is suffering, sickness is suffering, death is suffering, sadness, sorrow, pain, sorrow, desire and despair are suffering, being separated from a loved one is suffering, together with the unwelcome is penderitaan.1
Seen from the above statement, that the Buddha spoke of two kinds of suffering - physically and spiritually. Physical suffering is the pain caused by disease, accident, old age, weariness, and so forth. Spiritual suffering, including the mental state of pain, fear, boredom, anxiety, sadness, loneliness and all the other negative feelings. Life is the experiences of suffering, in a variety of rates, little or a lot. The Buddha did not deny the existence of happiness and joy, he merely reminds us of the reality that is undeniable, is that suffering is an integral part of life, that suffering is a problem that we all experience, is at the same time we want to avoid.Basically, almost all activities and our daily efforts, without us knowing it, concerned with the attempt to avoid suffering and find happiness. However, despite so much time and mind-power is deployed to find true happiness, satisfaction and peace remain sparse and difficult digapai. The Buddha, like a doctor who is full of love, came to show mankind how to overcome suffering, pain, death and rebirth, and also how to achieve happiness of Nibbana.
43. Most religions based on faith alone, but the teachings of the Buddha, based on solid truth. Truth (Sacca) can be defined as an expression or manifestation, realization, in relation to reality. Most religious teachings to make a statement which he says is true, but because most of the statement could not be proved, then still referred to as a belief, not truth. When someone says: "There are a thousand rupiah in my pocket," and after inspection there were a thousand rupiah in his pocket, then the new person said that the statement was true, and we then maklumi such a thing as truth.
If we are unable to check his pocket, we can only say that those states that have a thousand rupiah and that we believe his statement. The truth, which is proving more valuable than a clear statement, which is to be trusted. Suffering is not a concept, it is a fact. Suffering is something that is not accepted its existence, as mentioned in scripture, but something that we know through our own experience. So it is correct to say that the teachings of the Buddha based on the fact that it can be proved by us all, not a belief accepted on the basis of faith alone.
44. The second noble truth is the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering (dukkha samudaya Ariya Sacca). The Buddha showed us that all the suffering that we experience directly or indirectly caused by the low-desire (tanha) and non-knowledges (avijja) 2 It is easy to understand, how the passions, desires, and the non-knowledges, can lead to spiritual suffering. As a simple example, a strong desire to be rich, because according to him money is everything and will cause it to be happy. Then, because it does not succeed to get rich, he was frustrated and very disappointed. The relationship between the low-desire (wanting money) and non-knowledges (wrong view, that money alone can bring him happiness) on the one hand, and pain (frustration and disappointment) of others. But, the low-desire and non-knowledges can also cause physical pain? We have seen previously (30), that the primary cause of kamma-desire, which in turn then causes the re-birth. Born-again it has a body, and has a body could mean an accident, injured, sick, weak and old and all kinds of physical suffering. Thus, clearly, that the low-desire and non-corporeal knowledges also cause suffering.
45. But, if the desire is one of the causes of suffering, are not we should move heaven and earth do not have anything else for that matter? In order to answer the questions above, it is important to realize that the Buddha taught the difference between the growing desire of non-knowledges and expectations that arise on the basis of understanding. The Buddha often said, that we should always be enthusiastic (adithana), we will always be determined (tibbacchanda), has always had a strong desire to attain Nibbana (chandajato anakkate) 3. The desire to be good parents, a desire to be loyal friends, a desire to be citizens of countries that are responsible for understanding based on the desire, so will produce good, instead of suffering. Implement the road or have a desire to achieve Nibbana is based on a desire for understanding, so that will produce good, instead of suffering. When the will, desire and ambition is based on understanding, and when all is created in the form of daily behavior, and when everything is geared towards the noble goal, it just sort of desire that are recommended.
46. Truth is the third-Noble Truth of Extinction of Suffering (dukkha Nirodha Ariya Sacca). In truth, the Buddha clearly and firmly taught us, that we can be free from suffering and achieve freedom and happiness of Nibbana. The term Nibbana literally means 'out', and refers to fighting the fire of greed, hatred and the dark-mind. The Buddha, also use other expressions unyuk describe it - perpetuating (Amata), favor the Peace (khema), Peace (Santa), Protection (tana), Highest Happiness (paramam sukham), low desire Destruction (tanhakkhaya) Eternity (dhura). What is Nibbana? There is an opinion which considers that Nibbana is identical to the destruction of private (UK: Annihilation). The Buddha insists that this view is wrong.
When one has inner release, even the gods can not trace it, even though they think: "This is the awareness of Tathagata." Why?Because Buddha did not terjejaki. Although I said this, some ascetics and Brahmins, one interpretation, contrary to the statement, they said: "Sage is looking nihilis Gotama, as she teaches the cutting, destruction, loss of existence as a whole," but I did not say so. From the beginning until now, I only teach about the suffering and the cessation Penderitaan.4
There are Buddhist groups, which states that Nibbana is the destruction of themselves, but they also denied that the Buddha taught "self-destruction." They tried to explain this contradiction by saying: "Self-Destruction is only possible, if there is personal will be destroyed. But in truth there is no end to the "Personal". So how can Nibbana is the "Self-Destruction", when no individual will be destroyed? "Behind the words on the game, they also keep saying Nibbana is a vacancy, where the individual is no longer in any form.Many of the Buddha for the chance to declare that they are achieving Nibbana has lost its existence, but he never said so.Once upon a time, Upasiva asked the Buddha:
Those who have gone (to Nibbana),
Are they destroyed their existence,
Or they remain forever timeless?
Tell me, Oh, Wise Guru
You're the reason sejelasnya know.
Then, the Buddha said:
Could not they have considered going.
That the person may be regarded as
No more.
When all the phenomena has not,
All the way to describe it is tiada.5
Once upon a time, a traveler named Vacchagota asked the Buddha, the existence of those who have attained Nibbana, they arise (in other words, permanent existence) or did not arise (in other words, lose their existence). The Buddha refused to answer, and explained to us that he refused, because Nibbana is a state that can not be described in words.
"But the wise Gotama, where the incidence of students who had liberated his inner that?"
"The term 'Arise' not applicable"
"If so, why do not say 'There has not arisen'"
"There has not arisen" does not apply.
"If so, what are they 'arise, and also does not arise'?"
"'Arise and also does not arise' is not applicable."
"If so they 'do not arise and does not does not arise'?"
"'There has not arisen and do not arise', also does not apply."
"Therefore, I lose track, in this case, good Gotama, I am confused, and satisfaction that I found in our previous discussion, now has no more ...."
"Consciousness is free from disclosure Tathagata-disclosure: he was inside, not measurable, it is not known as the ocean. 'Arise' does not apply, 'no-arising' does not apply, 'Arise, and also does not arise' is not applicable, 'do not arise and does not does not arise' is not applicable. "6
The meaning of the Buddha, that a person who has attained Nibbana existence no longer exists, is that all of the features associated with the existence - birth, death, flesh, moving in time and space, and unfeeling as a private self - no longer can be usedto describe the state of Nibbana. The meaning of the Buddha, that a person who has attained Nibbana existence is not destroyed, is exactly like that. Dimensions Nibbana can not be accurately reflected in the language of the world, nor the presence of Nibbana can not be imagined by the worldly mind.
47. Although difficult to be described, but the Buddha gave us an overview of the presence of Nibbana. By describing the inner man, the Buddha said:
Batin is pure white, but he ternodai the defilements that previously did not exist. The public does not perceive, and therefore they did not keep his inner. Batin is pure white, and can be purified from the defilements which previously did not exist. The general student understand it, so they keep the inner mereka.7
In other words, mind is good at first (pabhassaram citam desire), then spotted the real defilement is something foreign to the mind.When the defilements are cleaned, then clean the inner back. The Buddha said:
Where land, water, fire and air does not stand? Where are the long and short, big and small, pure and not pure, the name and appearance, finally destroyed? The answer is: It is an awareness of the Great - is not checked, is not binding, and light. There was no place for land, water, fire and air based. There are long and short, big and small, noble and not noble, ultimately destroyed the name and likeness. When consciousness has been destroyed, then so is everything itu.8
Nibbana is the "nature" in which the physical presence and all-pairs opposite - long and short, small and great, pure and not pure - no more and no heart checked again (anidassanam), uncommitted (anatam) and luminous (sabbato pabham) .Characterized as a state-permanent (nibbanapadam accutam) of purity (suddhi), freedom (vimitti) and happiness-highest (nibbanam paramam sukham).
48. The Buddha also said that Nibbana is achieved in two levels or ways. First, those who reach Nibbana, the mind is already free, but because his body is still there, so he is still the object of physical suffering. It is called Nibbana with the rest of the base (saupadisesa Nibbana). Then, after their death, also released from the mental and physical suffering of a perfect reach Nibbana. This is called Nibbana without residual base (anupadisesa Nibbana), or often referred as the perfect Nibbana (parinibbana).
49. Although we can only fully understand the state of Nibbana after our own experience, but we still can know the existence of such circumstances. First, we can infer its existence. If there are dimensions along with birth, death, dirty thoughts, and events, we can conclude that there is no such dimension. Ancient Buddhist manuscripts mention:
Where there is heat,
Sure there is no air.
Similarly,
Where there are three fire
Sure there are no Nibbana.
Where there is evil,
Sure there are no good.
Similarly,
Where there is birth,
State of "non-born", thus, also ada.9
Second, we can be aware of the situation as Nibbana, because the Buddha attain, and he explicitly describes his existence. He said:
There is a not-Terlahirkan Yang, Tak-There, Not-Made, Non-Affiliated. If there is not-Terlahirkan, Tak-There, Not-Made, Non-Affiliated, then there would be no way to be free from Born, Happened, Made and Affiliated. But because of the not-Terlahirkan, Tak-There, Not-Made, Non-Affiliated, there's no way to escape from the born, There, and Tergabung.10 Made
Once again he asserts his presence, as follows:
There is a situation where there is no land, water, fire and air, where there was no scope of space-limited Tak, Tak-limited consciousness, nothingness, as well as scope of non-consciousness is not even no-consciousness, not on earth, the earth side or both, there is no sun, no moon, where no one came to be born, no one is going to death, no period, no one fell off and they come out. It is not glued, nor moved, her frustrations on. This is actually the end penderitaan.11
50. Can a person achieve happiness and freedom of Nibbana?When you can, what each person will ultimately achieve? The answer to the first thing that is clear, namely that each person can achieve Nibbana, and even the Buddha always encourages each person to make his goal Nibbana as well as for the strongest efforts to achieve it. Senator the woman who has reached Nibbana, heard loud and clear, in answering this question.
Abadi situation was much the reach,
And even this can still be achieved when,
For anyone who run their own,
But not for not trying sekuatnya.12
What each person to reach Nibbana or not? The answer of this question can not be predicted, because every person has an interest and desire respectively. The Buddha taught the Dhamma, and with all sorts of ways, organizing people to do it, but of course depends on the implementer of that person alone.
"Good Gotama, having taught and directed by Thee, that all students will reach thy noble ideals, or some will not succeed?"
"Most will achieve and some do not."
"What reason, Good Gotama? What causes it? "
"I would ask you, Brahmin, if consented to them. How is your mind?Do you know the way to Rajagaha? "
"Yes, Good Gotama, I know."
"Well, suppose one comes to you, and said that he wanted to Rajagaha and ask him. So, you say: 'Where does this road to Rajagaha; walked directly up to a village, walk further until you reach the market, and if you continue, you will arrive at the farm-garden Rajagaha beautiful, beautiful forests, beautiful fields and pools are beautiful. However, although it has been shown and instructed ye the way it is, but people had to take another road leading to the West. And, therefore he did not get to Rajagaha.Then, assuming a more comes to you, and he also wants to Rajagaha, and because he followed petunjukmu, then he finally arrived safely. So because there Rajagaha, because there is a way to get there, and you also have a guide, why is not the first person to while the other one to the Rajagaha? "" Good Gotama, what should I do in this case ? I have no more than an indicator of the way. "" Similarly, a Brahmin, is Nibbana, there is a path leading to Nibbana, and have I as an indicator of roads leading to Nibbana. But only some students are taught and instructed by me to achieve Nibbana, others do not. What can I do in this case? The Tathagata is the indicator Jalan.13
But one thing is for sure - anyone who reaches Nibbana is the result of carrying out the teachings of the Buddha.
"If, with the full understanding that good Gotama taught the Dhamma in his students for the purification of living things, to overcome the anguish and despair keputus-, to end the sadness and depression, to reach its procedures, to achieve Nibbana, then the whole world will achieve, or seperduanya, or third? "
Up there, the Buddha was silent. Then Ananda thought: "This man should not to think that the Buddha was not able to answer this important question." Thus, Ananda, said: "I will give a parable." Imagine a city surrounded by walls with a strong basic foundation, battlement and an opening only one gate, guarded gate, only those known to be allowed through, and passing strangers is not permissible. Then, when a guard around the walls, he found no one who can pass though the eye of a cat. Thus he knows that all creatures, big and small, just to get into town or out of town to pass the gate. Similar to your question, it is not necessary for the Buddha. He spoke what was that "Anyone who has been released, is being released or will be free from this world, he would be freed by releasing the fifth resistance, release-mental error that undermine the policy, he would be free to develop spiritually in a four-way policy awareness, and to develop the seven elements of enlightenment. "14
After the Buddha reached Nibbana, he "invited" all human beings to follow the road for mankind can enjoy peace, happiness and freedom. "Request" He is still valid today.
The doors to the Eternal's been open,
Let those who can hear, trying to keyakinan.15
51. Truth is the fourth road leading to the end of suffering (dukkha Nirodha gamini patipada), and the road is his Eightfold Way (Ariya Magga Atthangika). Called 'Noble' because if implemented, would lead one to a noble life, called 'Eightfold', because it consists of eight elements, and is called the 'Road', because like the road in general, will lead a person from one place to another , in this case from Samsara to Nibbana. From the Four Noble Truths: the truth of the first three are how the views of the Buddha of this world - Theory; and the fourth Truth is what the Buddha encouraged us to handle - implementation.
52. The Four Noble Truths have special features. The first is a complete system from a spiritual exercise, which includes everything needed for an ethical life, the meaning is clear and performers Nibbana. Because Nibbana is the goal of life, then all aspects of life calculated to the effort, and that is reflected in the Eightfold Way. It is generally true at present, that a religion but also to receive occasional follow the teachings of other religions. Some liberal Christians, for example, this time after seeing the values of meditation, have also been practicing meditation. However, because the Eightfold Way was completed, Buddhism does not need to borrow anything from any other belief. Second, the Eightfold Way was the only one that led to the freedom of religious practice Nibbana. The Buddha said:
Of all the roads, the best Eightfold
Of all the truth, the best four
Of all conditions, free from the wrath of the best
Of all people, are aware of the best
This is the only road;
Nobody else can make a pure and sober.
Street Live, the
And you will overcome the Mara.
Live This Way,
And you will end the suffering.
I memaklumatkan this road,
I found the sendiri.16
Most religions are not complete, because only lead to rebirth in the heaven-world of the Gods, which although better than other natural-natural, but still not as good compared to the highest happiness - Nibbana.
The third feature of the Eightfold Way is the road that happens forever. For thousands of years it may be a closed road by ignorance or superstition, but because it happened forever, then certainly there will be someone who found it again, changing the view therefore, and teach it again for the good of mankind.Similarly, centuries earlier, the road has never been found but then forgotten, then found again, and taught by the Buddha Gotama.That is, as the Buddha said "the old road is still valid and will continue so."
Similarly, supposing that there is a wandering in the forest, and found an old road, the road-the old trail, passed by the people in previous periods, which if followed directly, will get to an ancient city, an ancient general who occupied the castle by the past, by gardens and forest-forest, with water reservoir and the walls of a very beautiful place. Then, if the traveler submitted its findings to the king or the minister, saying: "You know, I've found an ancient city. Pugarlah place. "Then, if the ancient city was restored, a bright, developed, occupied, occupied by a house-house, and grew and expanded. Similarly, I have seen the old road, the road has crossed the Enlightened Buddha in previous times. And the road is it? That element Delapan.17 Road
53. The Buddha is sometimes called Eightfold Way by a different name, to indicate that the street is not only to be implemented to achieve the freedom of Nibbana, but the spirit of menjiwainya also be carried out. He called it "Middle Way" (Majjhima-patipada) between the extreme path. He detailed call "self-gratification" as an extreme one, and "self-destruction" as the other extreme, and suggests that they are following the road, they should avoid all extremes. Ke-ekstriman is a behavior that characterized the belief that only one of the most correct way, with no tolerance at other options and not flexible. Ke-ekstriman likely to cause an aggressive and blinding themselves to another way of doing things, and this is causing dangerous. A Buddhist should implement the Road with moderate (mattaññuta), flexible (mudu) and diserta willingness to consider other viewpoints. In every aspect of life and its implementation, a Buddhist should be one that takes a happy middle ground.
54. Road Eightfold traditionally divided into three parts: moral / welfare (please), centered-mind (samadhi) and wisdom (Panna).True conversation, Action and Livelihood True True classified in Group Moral;-power efforts True, True Awareness and Concentration / centered Thoughts True classified in Group-centered mind, and the True Meaning of True Mind classified in Group Policy. However, to emphasize some important aspects that are sometimes ignored, so in this discussion, we will classify 'Road' by other means. True Meaning of Intellectual classified as Training / Mental-Budi (Intellectual Training) True Mind, True Discussion, Action and Livelihood True True grouped in Training-Ethics (Ethical Training) Resources-effort and True, True and consciousness-centered-True Mind grouped in Psychiatric Training (Psychological Training). With the implementation of intellectual exercise, meant that we should first understand clearly the concept and reality of the Four Noble Truths, and then gradually move it happen by developing other measures of the road. With ethics training, we determine what is good, then do it, either on us personally as well as in our actions in society. With Exercise-Mental, spiritual meaning is consciously change from the mundane to the spiritual nature is pure. By implementing measures in the lives of eight striped Road, then became a Buddhist, and to appreciate the truth in mind, that will naturally arise when doing so, someone will be able to achieve enlightenment.
Traveler Nandiya asked the Buddha: "The what, when developed and implemented that will lead to Nibbana, the target is Nibbana, the Nibbana dotted-top?"
"Nandiya, there are eight thing, which if developed and implemented, leads to Nibbana, the target is Nibbana, the Nibbana dotted-peak."
"What is it Eight?"
"True Meaning, True Mind, True Discussion, Action True, True Livelihood, Resource-order True, True and centered awareness True-mind." 18
NOBLE STREET EIGHT stripe
Mental Training-sole / Intellectual True Meaning
True Thoughts (Samma ditthi)
(Samma sankappa)
Ethics Training / True Moral Conversation
True Action
True Livelihood (Samma Vaca)
(Samma kammanta)
(Samma ajiva)
Training Psychiatric / psychological power True-effort
True Consciousness
True-Centric thought (Samma Vayama)
(Samma sati)
(Samma samadhi)
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